Monday, September 24, 2007
Wednesday, September 19, 2007
Skeletal muscle worksheet
1. What percent of the body is smooth muscle? Striated muscle?
40% striated, 5% to 10% smooth
2. Name three types of muscle proteins what is the function of each?
Answer: stroma protein- constitutes about 1/5 of the muscle protein. It functions solely as an inert structural element, or skeleton to hold structures in place.
Cellular proteins- also comprise about 1/5 of the muscle protein it is not a muscle.
Contractile proteins- Two types of protein myosin and actin, the constitute 35% and 15% of the total muscle.
3. What is myofibril
Answer: longitudinal striations in the muscle, form transverse striations in the muscle.
4. Name the two filaments that make up a sacromere.
Answer: thin, thick
5. What is the sliding filament theory?
Answer: Cross bridges
6. Muscle relaxation ensues upon the removal of what?
Answer: Calcium ions.
40% striated, 5% to 10% smooth
2. Name three types of muscle proteins what is the function of each?
Answer: stroma protein- constitutes about 1/5 of the muscle protein. It functions solely as an inert structural element, or skeleton to hold structures in place.
Cellular proteins- also comprise about 1/5 of the muscle protein it is not a muscle.
Contractile proteins- Two types of protein myosin and actin, the constitute 35% and 15% of the total muscle.
3. What is myofibril
Answer: longitudinal striations in the muscle, form transverse striations in the muscle.
4. Name the two filaments that make up a sacromere.
Answer: thin, thick
5. What is the sliding filament theory?
Answer: Cross bridges
6. Muscle relaxation ensues upon the removal of what?
Answer: Calcium ions.
Tuesday, September 18, 2007
Basic joint anatomy worksheet
Basic joint anatomy worksheet
1. Why is there little to no movement in a fibrous joint?
Answer: bones make up the joint are united with strong fibrous, tissue.
2. What is an example of a fibrous joint?
Answer: satures, which hold together the bones of the skull.
3. Describe a cartilaginous joint and give an example
Answer: are united by intervening fibrocartilage Ex: vertebrae of the spinal column are joined by the intervertebral disks.
4. What type of joint essentially allows free movement?
Answer: Synovial Joints
5. What lubricates a joint cavity?
Answer: Synovial Fluid
6. A. plane joint – gliding and slipping, carpal bones in the hand.
B. Hinge joint- irregular cylinder, elbow joint concave groove
C. Condylar Joint- similar to a hinge joint, knee cap is a condylar joint
D. Ball and socket Joint- Cap shaped cavity shoulder joint, Movement is possible
E. Ellipsoidal- oval permits movement , wrist joint
F. Pivot Joint- bony peg, elbow and wrist one bone can rotate
G. saddle joint- western saddles, movement can occur ex: thunb
1. Why is there little to no movement in a fibrous joint?
Answer: bones make up the joint are united with strong fibrous, tissue.
2. What is an example of a fibrous joint?
Answer: satures, which hold together the bones of the skull.
3. Describe a cartilaginous joint and give an example
Answer: are united by intervening fibrocartilage Ex: vertebrae of the spinal column are joined by the intervertebral disks.
4. What type of joint essentially allows free movement?
Answer: Synovial Joints
5. What lubricates a joint cavity?
Answer: Synovial Fluid
6. A. plane joint – gliding and slipping, carpal bones in the hand.
B. Hinge joint- irregular cylinder, elbow joint concave groove
C. Condylar Joint- similar to a hinge joint, knee cap is a condylar joint
D. Ball and socket Joint- Cap shaped cavity shoulder joint, Movement is possible
E. Ellipsoidal- oval permits movement , wrist joint
F. Pivot Joint- bony peg, elbow and wrist one bone can rotate
G. saddle joint- western saddles, movement can occur ex: thunb
Skeleton worksheet
Skeletal worksheet
1. Describe the 4 functions of bones
Answer: supporting the bones, protecting internal organs, provide muscle attachment, produce blood cells.
2. How many bones are there in the human body?
Answer: 206
3. What are the two divisions of the skeletal system? Name 5 specific bones in each division.
Answer: Axial system- skull, pelvis, ribs, coccyx, sacrum, Appendicular skeleton- phalanges, patella, and tibia.
4. What bones make up the upper arm?
Answer: Scapula, humerus
5. What makes up the face?
Answer: skull
6. Name two bones that protect vital internal organs.
Answer: skull, rib cage
7. Bone in the forearm
Answer: radius
8. What bone is moveable for the back muscles to attach to?
Answer: Scapula
9. Shin bone
Answer: tibia
1. Describe the 4 functions of bones
Answer: supporting the bones, protecting internal organs, provide muscle attachment, produce blood cells.
2. How many bones are there in the human body?
Answer: 206
3. What are the two divisions of the skeletal system? Name 5 specific bones in each division.
Answer: Axial system- skull, pelvis, ribs, coccyx, sacrum, Appendicular skeleton- phalanges, patella, and tibia.
4. What bones make up the upper arm?
Answer: Scapula, humerus
5. What makes up the face?
Answer: skull
6. Name two bones that protect vital internal organs.
Answer: skull, rib cage
7. Bone in the forearm
Answer: radius
8. What bone is moveable for the back muscles to attach to?
Answer: Scapula
9. Shin bone
Answer: tibia
Thursday, September 13, 2007
more about the skin worksheet
More about the skin
1. What is pigmentation? What layer of skin is it associated with? What are the benefits of pigmentation? What are the disadvantages of pigmentation?
Answer: Pigmentation are different color patches that occur on the skin due to the deposition of melanin which is a coloring matter, melanin is produced by specialized cells called melanocytes. The advantages of pigmentation the darker pigmentation are less likely to get sunburn, the disadvantages are different color patches on the skin.
2. What is botox? What are some of the disadvantages with botox? Would you be willing to risk the harmful effects of botox for your self-image?
Answer: botox is plastic surgery that some people get to lift the skin that is sagging or excess fat, the disadvantages of botox is when you get old the skin will get back saggy and you will constantly have to get botox to lift the skin that constantly sags, the harmful effects are you are at risk of dying or becoming extremely sick.
3.
Do all of the products that claim to improve the quality of your skin work? What evidence did you find to support this? Are there any specific products that seem to be more effective than others according to your research? Which ones? Why are they more effective? What were your sources for this information? Could there be possible biases in the information you collected? What are these biases? Why do you think people spend millions of dollars a year on skin care products?
Answer: no some of the products that are advertised are just scams they are just trying to sell their product, My cousin bought some acne cream thinking that it was going to prevent her acne and it only made it worse. Yes proactive is very accurate it was tested my professional dermatologist and has been proven to work. They are more effective because they were made by dermatologist and tested on a teste. www.proactive.com ,www. acne.com no there are not in bias because millions of people buys this product. People spend millions of dollars because they want their skin clean and clear.
4. What is balding? Is there a medical term for it? Are there treatments? Do they work?
Answer: balding is when the hair is loss, yes there are treatments you can have laser surgery so you can get hair but over the bald spots, yes some treatments work if you go tot he right doctor.
1. What is pigmentation? What layer of skin is it associated with? What are the benefits of pigmentation? What are the disadvantages of pigmentation?
Answer: Pigmentation are different color patches that occur on the skin due to the deposition of melanin which is a coloring matter, melanin is produced by specialized cells called melanocytes. The advantages of pigmentation the darker pigmentation are less likely to get sunburn, the disadvantages are different color patches on the skin.
2. What is botox? What are some of the disadvantages with botox? Would you be willing to risk the harmful effects of botox for your self-image?
Answer: botox is plastic surgery that some people get to lift the skin that is sagging or excess fat, the disadvantages of botox is when you get old the skin will get back saggy and you will constantly have to get botox to lift the skin that constantly sags, the harmful effects are you are at risk of dying or becoming extremely sick.
3.
Do all of the products that claim to improve the quality of your skin work? What evidence did you find to support this? Are there any specific products that seem to be more effective than others according to your research? Which ones? Why are they more effective? What were your sources for this information? Could there be possible biases in the information you collected? What are these biases? Why do you think people spend millions of dollars a year on skin care products?
Answer: no some of the products that are advertised are just scams they are just trying to sell their product, My cousin bought some acne cream thinking that it was going to prevent her acne and it only made it worse. Yes proactive is very accurate it was tested my professional dermatologist and has been proven to work. They are more effective because they were made by dermatologist and tested on a teste. www.proactive.com ,www. acne.com no there are not in bias because millions of people buys this product. People spend millions of dollars because they want their skin clean and clear.
4. What is balding? Is there a medical term for it? Are there treatments? Do they work?
Answer: balding is when the hair is loss, yes there are treatments you can have laser surgery so you can get hair but over the bald spots, yes some treatments work if you go tot he right doctor.
Wednesday, September 12, 2007
integumentary text questions
Critical Thinking
3. As a rule, a superficial partial- thickness burn is more painful than one involving deeper tissues. How would you explain this observation?
Answer: a superficial burn heals quickly with no scarring. The area is warm and red.
6. How would you explain to an athlete the importance of keeping the body hydrated when exercising in warm weather?
Answer: I would tell them that exercising in the summer would be putting them at risk of having a heat stroke so they should always drink water and Gatorade to keep the body from getting dehydrated.
8. How is skin peeling after a sever sunburn protective? How might a fever be protective?
Answer: when the skin peels the wound can heal and new skin can form.
Review Exercises
1. List six functions of skin.
Answer: Protective covering, helps regulate body temperature, houses sensory receptors, synthesizes chemicals, and excretes waste.
2. Distinguish between the epidermis and the dermis.
Answer: Epidermis- outer epithelial layer of the skin, Dermis- The thick layer of skin beneath the epidermis.
3. Describe the Subcutaneous layer.
Answer: Beneath the skin
4. List the layers of the epidermis
Answer: Squamous epithelium, Stratum basale.
5. Distinguish between a hair and a hair follicle.
Answer: A hair is something that appears everywhere on the body, a hair follicle is a tubelike depression in the skin in which a hair develops.
6. Describe how nails are formed?
Answer: they are produced by epidermal cells that under go keratinization.
7. Explain the function of sebaceous glands.
Answer: to produce oils
8. Describe the body’s response to decreasing body temperature.
Answer: blood vessels constrict, causing the skin to lose color, and sweat glands become inactive.
9. Describe three physiological factors that affect skin color.
Answer: Each person inherits genes for melanin production, Dark skin is due to genes that cause large amounts of melanin to be produced; lighter skin is due to genes that cause lesser amounts of melanin to form. Mutant genes may cause a lack of melanin in the skin.
10. Distinguish among first second and third degree burns.
Answer: first degree- only the epidermis, second degree- all epidermis and some dermis, third degree- destroys epidermis and dermis
11. Describe possible treatments for a third- degree burn
Answer: surgery in a burn unit.
12. list three effects of aging on skin.
Answer: age spots, liver spots , wrinkling and sagging.
3. As a rule, a superficial partial- thickness burn is more painful than one involving deeper tissues. How would you explain this observation?
Answer: a superficial burn heals quickly with no scarring. The area is warm and red.
6. How would you explain to an athlete the importance of keeping the body hydrated when exercising in warm weather?
Answer: I would tell them that exercising in the summer would be putting them at risk of having a heat stroke so they should always drink water and Gatorade to keep the body from getting dehydrated.
8. How is skin peeling after a sever sunburn protective? How might a fever be protective?
Answer: when the skin peels the wound can heal and new skin can form.
Review Exercises
1. List six functions of skin.
Answer: Protective covering, helps regulate body temperature, houses sensory receptors, synthesizes chemicals, and excretes waste.
2. Distinguish between the epidermis and the dermis.
Answer: Epidermis- outer epithelial layer of the skin, Dermis- The thick layer of skin beneath the epidermis.
3. Describe the Subcutaneous layer.
Answer: Beneath the skin
4. List the layers of the epidermis
Answer: Squamous epithelium, Stratum basale.
5. Distinguish between a hair and a hair follicle.
Answer: A hair is something that appears everywhere on the body, a hair follicle is a tubelike depression in the skin in which a hair develops.
6. Describe how nails are formed?
Answer: they are produced by epidermal cells that under go keratinization.
7. Explain the function of sebaceous glands.
Answer: to produce oils
8. Describe the body’s response to decreasing body temperature.
Answer: blood vessels constrict, causing the skin to lose color, and sweat glands become inactive.
9. Describe three physiological factors that affect skin color.
Answer: Each person inherits genes for melanin production, Dark skin is due to genes that cause large amounts of melanin to be produced; lighter skin is due to genes that cause lesser amounts of melanin to form. Mutant genes may cause a lack of melanin in the skin.
10. Distinguish among first second and third degree burns.
Answer: first degree- only the epidermis, second degree- all epidermis and some dermis, third degree- destroys epidermis and dermis
11. Describe possible treatments for a third- degree burn
Answer: surgery in a burn unit.
12. list three effects of aging on skin.
Answer: age spots, liver spots , wrinkling and sagging.
Monday, September 10, 2007
Video Questions
1. Do you think that the symmetry test conducted on the baby was flawed? How? Describe how you would design an experiment that could fool the baby and skew the results.
Answer: No I don’t think the test was accurate because a baby does not have the knowledge at a young age to judge weather someone is ugly or pretty because in his eyes they all look the same.
2. What is missing from this video about beauty?
Answer: they were missing different races, in the video all they were showing was white people you might have seen at last 1 black person and a couple of asians but overall the movie was missing different races in order to see changes in beauty you should have more than one race present.
3. What are features that might break the “typical” beauty rules? How are these different from the “typical” beauty rules?
Answer: thin lips, close eyes, and a non-symmetrical face. because most people feel that all of these qualifications isn't necessary in order to be pretty some people can have close eyes and thin lips and feel that they are the most beutiful person on earth some people feel that thick lips aren't attractive or people who's eyes are spread apart i feel that some people have different opinions about beauty.
4. How does this video make you feel about beauty?
Answer: I feel that beauty is just a state of mind. Some people may think a person is pretty and the person may feel that they are the uglyist thing on earth beauty is all in the mind if you carry your self like you are pretty other people will treat you like you are pretty if your pretty but just don't care about your apperance because you feel you are ugly then other people will start treating you like that so i feel it is all in the mind.
5. What is it about the skin that makes it return to its place? What property is this?
Answer: elastic, integumentary.
6. What are the risks of cosmetic surgery? Would you ever do it? What would you be willing to risk for cosmetic surgery? How long wills it last?
Answer: the risk of plastic surgery are you may look a lot worst after the surgery or you can possibly die from it, No I would not consider plastic surgery because I am happy with my body, you would be risking your life because if you don’t like what you see you will continue to get plastic surgery until you feel your appearance has changed, A lifetime.
7. Someone in the video is quoted as saying that “make-up can make anyone prettier.” Do you agree with this? Support your answer.
Answer: I disagree because I feel make up can make a person appearance change but it doesn’t mean they look any better with or without make-up your appearance never changes.
8. Do you think that there are cultural differences in how cosmetic surgery is viewed?
Answer: yes, some cultures look at plastic surgery differently for example caucasians may want to have plastic surgery so they can look younger or remove extra skin or wrinkles and african americans may have it to remove extra skin or fat but i feel that either way it goes everybody has platic surgery for the same reasons because they are not happy about their bodies and they feel that plastic surgery will change all of that.
Answer: No I don’t think the test was accurate because a baby does not have the knowledge at a young age to judge weather someone is ugly or pretty because in his eyes they all look the same.
2. What is missing from this video about beauty?
Answer: they were missing different races, in the video all they were showing was white people you might have seen at last 1 black person and a couple of asians but overall the movie was missing different races in order to see changes in beauty you should have more than one race present.
3. What are features that might break the “typical” beauty rules? How are these different from the “typical” beauty rules?
Answer: thin lips, close eyes, and a non-symmetrical face. because most people feel that all of these qualifications isn't necessary in order to be pretty some people can have close eyes and thin lips and feel that they are the most beutiful person on earth some people feel that thick lips aren't attractive or people who's eyes are spread apart i feel that some people have different opinions about beauty.
4. How does this video make you feel about beauty?
Answer: I feel that beauty is just a state of mind. Some people may think a person is pretty and the person may feel that they are the uglyist thing on earth beauty is all in the mind if you carry your self like you are pretty other people will treat you like you are pretty if your pretty but just don't care about your apperance because you feel you are ugly then other people will start treating you like that so i feel it is all in the mind.
5. What is it about the skin that makes it return to its place? What property is this?
Answer: elastic, integumentary.
6. What are the risks of cosmetic surgery? Would you ever do it? What would you be willing to risk for cosmetic surgery? How long wills it last?
Answer: the risk of plastic surgery are you may look a lot worst after the surgery or you can possibly die from it, No I would not consider plastic surgery because I am happy with my body, you would be risking your life because if you don’t like what you see you will continue to get plastic surgery until you feel your appearance has changed, A lifetime.
7. Someone in the video is quoted as saying that “make-up can make anyone prettier.” Do you agree with this? Support your answer.
Answer: I disagree because I feel make up can make a person appearance change but it doesn’t mean they look any better with or without make-up your appearance never changes.
8. Do you think that there are cultural differences in how cosmetic surgery is viewed?
Answer: yes, some cultures look at plastic surgery differently for example caucasians may want to have plastic surgery so they can look younger or remove extra skin or wrinkles and african americans may have it to remove extra skin or fat but i feel that either way it goes everybody has platic surgery for the same reasons because they are not happy about their bodies and they feel that plastic surgery will change all of that.
Wednesday, September 5, 2007
Tuesday, September 4, 2007
Book Questions
1. Distinguish between the study of anatomy and the study of physiology.
Answer: Anatomy is the study of the body. Physiology is the study of the functions of the structures that make up the human body.
2. Give an example that shows the relationship between the structure and function of body parts.
Answer: a stomach is a pouch and its structure is to store food and break it down.
3. List the levels of organization within the human body in reference to a specific organ.
Answer: Heart- circulatory system-muscle cells.
4. Distinguish between a midsagittal cut, a transverse cut, and a frontal cut.
Answer: Midsagittal- line of symmetry. Transverse cut- cuts the body in top and bottom halves. Frontal cut- cuts the body into front and back halves.
5. Distinguish between the dorsal and ventral body cavities, and name two smaller cavities that occur within each.
Answer. Dorsal- is the cavity in the back, cranial cavity, spinal cavity. Ventral –the cavity in the front, thoracic cavity, abdominopelvic cavity.
6. Define Homeostasis, and explain its importance.
Answer: Maintaining a stable environment, Consistency of conditions, anatomically it is keeping the internal body in a constant condition no matter the external conditions surrounding the body.
Objectives Questions 19-25
19. thyroid gland- G endocrine system
20. lungs- C respiratory system
21. heart – D circulatory system
22. ovaries- G endocrine system
23. brain- F nervous system
24. stomach- A digestive stomach
25. kidney- B urinary system
26. A cell is composed of several types of tissues and performs a particular function.
27. The imaginary plane that passes through the midline of the body is called the transverse plane
28. All the organ systems of the body together function to maintain homeostasis.
Medical terminology reinforcement
1. Gastrectomy means excision of the stomach.
2. Macrocephalus means large head.
3. Transthoracic means across the chest
4. Bilateral means two or both sides.
5. Dorsalgia means pain in the back
6. Endocrinolgy means the study of the endocrine system.
Study Questions
1. Describe the structure and function of endoplasmic reticulum.
Answer: Endoplasmic Reticulum forms a membranous system of tubular canals and branches throughout the cytoplasm.
2. Describe the structure and function of the Golgi apparatus.
Answer: secretes a product
3. Describe the structure and function of mitochondria mention the energy molecule ATP in your description.
Answer: It produces ATP molecules, burns glucose to produce ATP.
4. Contrast passive transport (diffusion, osmosis, and filtration) with active transport of molecules across the plasma membrane.
Answer: active is the movement requires energy, passive just happens.
Objective Questions:
Part 1.
1. packaging and secretion – Golgi apparatus.
2. Cell division – Centriole
3. Powerhouses of the cell- Mitochondria
4. Protein Synthesis- Rough ER
5. Control center for the cell- Nucleus
Objective Questions pg. 61
1. what is a tissue- group of similar cells that performs a specialized function.
2. What are the functions of epithelial tissue, and give location for each- protects the body from drying out, injury, and bacterial invasion.
3. What are the functions of connective tissue? Name the different kinds of connective tissue and give a location for each.- binds structures together, provides support and protection, fills spaces produces blood cells and stores fat.
4. What types of cells does nervous tissue contain? Which organs in the body are made up of nervous tissue? – Found in the brain and spinal cord contains conducting cells called neutrons.
Answer: Anatomy is the study of the body. Physiology is the study of the functions of the structures that make up the human body.
2. Give an example that shows the relationship between the structure and function of body parts.
Answer: a stomach is a pouch and its structure is to store food and break it down.
3. List the levels of organization within the human body in reference to a specific organ.
Answer: Heart- circulatory system-muscle cells.
4. Distinguish between a midsagittal cut, a transverse cut, and a frontal cut.
Answer: Midsagittal- line of symmetry. Transverse cut- cuts the body in top and bottom halves. Frontal cut- cuts the body into front and back halves.
5. Distinguish between the dorsal and ventral body cavities, and name two smaller cavities that occur within each.
Answer. Dorsal- is the cavity in the back, cranial cavity, spinal cavity. Ventral –the cavity in the front, thoracic cavity, abdominopelvic cavity.
6. Define Homeostasis, and explain its importance.
Answer: Maintaining a stable environment, Consistency of conditions, anatomically it is keeping the internal body in a constant condition no matter the external conditions surrounding the body.
Objectives Questions 19-25
19. thyroid gland- G endocrine system
20. lungs- C respiratory system
21. heart – D circulatory system
22. ovaries- G endocrine system
23. brain- F nervous system
24. stomach- A digestive stomach
25. kidney- B urinary system
26. A cell is composed of several types of tissues and performs a particular function.
27. The imaginary plane that passes through the midline of the body is called the transverse plane
28. All the organ systems of the body together function to maintain homeostasis.
Medical terminology reinforcement
1. Gastrectomy means excision of the stomach.
2. Macrocephalus means large head.
3. Transthoracic means across the chest
4. Bilateral means two or both sides.
5. Dorsalgia means pain in the back
6. Endocrinolgy means the study of the endocrine system.
Study Questions
1. Describe the structure and function of endoplasmic reticulum.
Answer: Endoplasmic Reticulum forms a membranous system of tubular canals and branches throughout the cytoplasm.
2. Describe the structure and function of the Golgi apparatus.
Answer: secretes a product
3. Describe the structure and function of mitochondria mention the energy molecule ATP in your description.
Answer: It produces ATP molecules, burns glucose to produce ATP.
4. Contrast passive transport (diffusion, osmosis, and filtration) with active transport of molecules across the plasma membrane.
Answer: active is the movement requires energy, passive just happens.
Objective Questions:
Part 1.
1. packaging and secretion – Golgi apparatus.
2. Cell division – Centriole
3. Powerhouses of the cell- Mitochondria
4. Protein Synthesis- Rough ER
5. Control center for the cell- Nucleus
Objective Questions pg. 61
1. what is a tissue- group of similar cells that performs a specialized function.
2. What are the functions of epithelial tissue, and give location for each- protects the body from drying out, injury, and bacterial invasion.
3. What are the functions of connective tissue? Name the different kinds of connective tissue and give a location for each.- binds structures together, provides support and protection, fills spaces produces blood cells and stores fat.
4. What types of cells does nervous tissue contain? Which organs in the body are made up of nervous tissue? – Found in the brain and spinal cord contains conducting cells called neutrons.
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