reproductive graphic organizer

reproductive definitions

corpus luteum: A small yellow structure developing within the ruptured ovarian follicle after the egg has been released.

epididymis: a coiled tube attached to the back of each testis where sperm mature

gonad: an organ that produces gametes (ova and sperm

meiosis: cell division by which eggs and sperm are produced.

oocyte: Unfertilized egg cell

ovary: female gonad which manufactures estrogens and eggs

placenta: A structure attached to the wall of the uterus to nourish the fetus during pregnancy

scrotum: The sac of skin that surrounds the testicles.

seminiferous tubule: any of the numerous long convoluted tubules in the testis which are the sites where spermatozoa mature

testis: a male's testes are located in a pouch that hangs suspended outside his body. The testes produce testosterone and sperm

vulva : The external female genital organs, including the clitoris, vaginal lips and the opening to the vagina.

blastocyst : The preimplantation embryo of mammals consisting of a sphere of cells with an outer cell layer that forms the placenta and a cluster of cells on the interior called the inner cell mass that forms the embryo.

embryo: In humans, the developing individual from the time of implantation to about the end of the second month after conception

fetus: An animal in the later stage of development before birth. In humans, the fetal stage is the from the end of the third month until birth

implantation: The embedding of the fertilized egg in the endometrium of the uterus.

lactation: Secretion or formation of milk by the mammary glands.

umbilical cord : the cord that connects the fetus to the maternal placenta, providing nutrients and removing wastes

yolk sac: where the embryo develops

zygote: A cell formed by the union of two gametes

ultrasound: A procedure in which high-energy sound waves are bounced off internal tissues or organs and make echoes.

reproductive questions

What is the purpose of the reproductive system?
production of offspring

What is the function of the ovaries?
produce ova and female hormones

What is the structure that connects the ovaries to the uterus?
The fallopian tubes

What is the name of the lining of the uterus?
endometrium

Name the three parts of the uterus and where they are located.
Fundus, top, Body, middle, and cervix, bottom.

What is the female organ of copulation?
The vagina

Sketch a picture of the female reproductive system. Include the following: bladder, ovary, uterus, fallopian tube, urethra, vagina.

What is the male organ of copulation?
the penis
What are the two functions of the urethra in the male?
transport urine and semen

What are the two functions of the testes?
Produce and secrete an endocrine substance

What is the name of the structure where the testes are located?
scrotum

Why are the testes located outside the body?
Body heat would kill the sperm

Where do sperm mature?
epididymis

What is the vas deferens?
tube that connects epididymis and ejaculatory duct.

What is the structure that secretes and stores a fluid releases at the time of ejaculation?
seminal vesicles

What are the functions of the prostate gland?
Keeps sperm mobile and protects from harmful acid in the urethra and vagina.

What is semen?
made up of sperm cells

Sketch a picture of the male reproductive system. Include the following: penis, seminal vesicles, epididymis, cowper’s gland, testes, scrotum, vas deferens, urethra, prostate, ejaculatory duct. You guys will need to do this in paint. Sorry, but I am not there to get the drawings by hand

nutrition

Most of the people I have interviewed feel that nutrition is the act of process of being nourished. A nutritious life consists of eating right and exercising daily not eating a certain way for a short amount of time and then going back to your normal habits because if you do that you are not living a healthy life. What makes a nutritious meal consists of a healthy diet eating more vegetables and less meats no sugary food or soda’s the reason for eating less meats and sugary foods are because eating meats is fattening and it takes more time for your body to digest food then vegetables and when you eat a lot of vegetables you have a longer chance of living because it’s healthy. My example: of a nutritious meal would be a piece of baked chicken, green beans and a piece of cornbread and a glass of water or milk. Yes there is more to a nutritious life than just eating right and exercising you also have to live a healthy daily life for ex: not smoking or drinking everyday maybe occasionally but not everyday because that can lead to many problems down the line. I think some important vitamins that the body needs is vitamin c and d. And also calcium. A mineral that the body needs is water.

urinary system

What are the three functions of the kidneys?
Answer: filters all matter from the blood not just waste products, selectively reabsorbs all substances that the body can make use of. Eliminates waste products in blood in the form of urine.

What is the outer layer of the kidney?
Answer: peri-renal

What is the outer layer of the kidney?
Answer: cortex

What is the urine collection system of the kidney?
Answer: medulla

What is the dilated end of the ureters called?
Answer: pelvis

What is the function of the bladder?
Answer: store urine

What transports urine in males? Females?
Answer: urethra, females- transports urine from the bladder tot he outside of the body.

Digestive Questions

1. What is digestive tract?
Answer: a long continuos tube with food first entering it at the mouth.

What happens to undigested materials in the digestive tract?
Answer: continues along the tube until it exits at the anus.

What is the function of the mouth in the digestion process?
Answer: food enters through the mouth

What is the term for the small mass of food that enters into the esophagus?
Answer: bolus

What triggers peristalsis
Answer: the presence of the bolus in the esophagus triggers peristalsis.

What is the function of the cardiac sphincter?
Answer: closes the entrance to the stomach and prevents its contents from reentering the esophagus

What is the mucous membrane?
Answer: digestive tract

How long is the small intestine
Answer: 20 feet long

Where does most digestion and absorption of nutrients take place?
Answer: small intestine

What increase the surface area of the small intestine?
Answer: villi

What is the first section of the small intestine? What is its function?
Answer: duodenum, the duodenum is very sensitive area of the digestive tract. Its receptors can detect the presence of hypo and hypertonic solutions.

Where is vile stored
Answer: gallbladder

What is segmentation?
Grabbing a tube tightly at various places around the middle and squeezing so that its contents are broken into smaller pieces.

When does the ileocecal sphincter open?
Answer: when the amount of food in the small intestine begins to build up, the sphincter opens to let it through.

What is the function of the anal sphincter?
Answer: stops waste from leaving the body until you want it to.

What is the function of the appendix in humans?
Answer: serves no apparent function in man and which sometimes becomes infected and must be removed.

Where does digestion begin?
Answer: in the mouth

What is gastric juice made of?
Answer: hydrochloric acid, and enzymes

Where are enzymes released in the small intestine produced?
Answer: Pancreas

What is the function of the following enzymes, anaylase, lactose, maltase, etc
Answer: they break apart lactose, maltose and sucrose respectively

There are two ways that nutrients get into the blood stream.
Answer: diffuse across the intestinal membrane and into the blood simply by flowing along the concentration gradient.

Staph infection

A staph infection is caused by bacteria and can be easily given to someone. Most people who are sick in the hospital and their immune system is weak are most likely to get a staph infection. Nurses who work in the hospital could give a staph infection and who don’t carefully wash their hands after dealing with a staph infected person. A common name for this infection is called the “superbug” reason for this naming is because it kills a lot of people very fast. Blacks and people living in a crowed housing project may be at risk of getting the virus because of nasty bacteria floating around. A way to stop the infection in local hospitals would to have employees and patients to closely wash their hands after using the bathroom. Another way would be to test all hospitals for the staph bug. Staph infection has been around for decades but now is starting to erupt. 1.7 million people are hospitalized each year for a staph infection and 100,000 of them will die because of the lack of proper treatment. As of 2005 no patients who were treated for a staph infection has died because of better technology.

My reaction to this article is that this virus in very serious and should be taking seriously. Many people who are infected with this virus should be given the proper treatment and precautions of this virus and should be told that they should carefully wash their hands so they won’t pass it on to another person I feel that the article is very important because more and more Americans are being infected with this virus each and every day and they don’t know the correct way. To cleanse themselves so they won’t infect other people. But the most important part of this article is that it is finally telling why so many people are being infected and one reason is that most doctors don’t properly wash their hands after they perform a task but when they are told that they need to wash their hands they say they don’t want to be told what to do. But now it is being said that hospitals are being tested for the staph infection and if it is tested positive they will be told the dos and don’ts of treating a staph infected person.

Flu Questions

How does the flu build a resistance to drug treatment?
Answer: the flu builds a resistance by constantly changing leaving the stronger version the stronger version is more resistant. The stronger versions, which are, resist common medication, and then it doubles and changes further, which increases the resistance even more. Also the flu that was not resistant changes as well. What they change into can also become resistant.


2. Why is the build up of resistance to an anti-flu drug referred to as evolving?
Answer: Because the disease constantly changes so the medication doesn’t work anymore because it has gotten use to one type of virus and then when it constantly changes it is evolving because different types of medications are going to be used for the new virus’s. Everytime a new sickness comes along you will have to be prescribed a different drug because it is a different form of something that you have had once before and your body has became immune to the old drug so it won’t recognize the new one.













This article named Tamiflu and Relenza as anti-flu medications. How do these drugs “get rid” of the flu virus?
Answer: tamiflu interferes with the flu virus scientists and doctors think that tamiflu works in the human body by inhibiting an enzyme called neuraminidase. When the neuraminidase is blocked form working it is hard for the flu virus to release its babies into our bloodstream making it harder for the flu to be transported through the circulatory system. Relenza attack the flu virus and prevent it from spreading through your body, Relenza treats the flu by attacking the virus that causes the flu.


Can antibiotics be prescribed to treat the flu? Why or Why not?
Answer: No antibiotics cannot be prescribed for the flu because it is like a common cold and antibiotics can not be used to treat it but antiviral medications can help to get rid of it. The reason that antibiotics can not be used to treat the flu is because the immune system has to get rid of it by it’s self-the reason being is that the virus will have to run its length and antibiotics cannot fight against it but the immune system will.

Ask A Scientist Article

My response to the article I read is that it is very interesting because it is telling me things that I never knew it was talking about how most people catch a virus or a disease twice and the reason being is that it is a totally different disease and its not the same. Some people feel that they are getting the disease all over again but technically it’s not it’s a totally different disease with the same causes and symptoms. Your body remembers some of the viruses that you catch so it can make antibodies against it but it doesn’t occur with the flu. Once a year you are supposed to be injected with a flu vaccine to help stop the bacteria. Majority of the time your body is immune to the diseases so it can be stopped. It is related to the immune system because most viruses are through the immune system. This article is significant to me because whenever I become sick I feel that it is the same cold because the symptoms and complications are all the same. This article changes my outlook on a lot of things because it has taught me that when you feel that the cold is the same it is slightly different. I agree with this article because I think whoever wrote this article knew what they were talking about. I think this article effects everyone because everyone gets sick in their life.

My reaction to the story is that it is very informational to most people who has problems with the same sickness over and over again now they have reasoning and information to why they think they keep getting the same cold etc. I think that anyone who constantly gets sick should read this article because its some helpful and informational tips. I think that a brochure should be made and given out at doctor’s offices to people who come in with colds and different kind of viruses. I feel that this article is very important because it help people to realize what the common cold comes from.